Showing posts with label Chisinau. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Chisinau. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 9, 2016

An American in Cluj

“Bucura-te, Tara scumpa, imbracata de parada,
Ca, din alte tari straine, vin prieteni sa te vada!     -  Vasile Militaru, 1936

Our paths have crossed years ago at the Mississippi School for Mathematics and Science, a residential school in Columbus, dedicated to gifted students from around the state who wanted to be challenged by an enhanced curriculum and by the combined expertise of teachers with doctorates in their respective fields.

His interest was not necessarily math and science, Darius Roby loved foreign languages and the wonderful programs offered there by two foreign women, who taught five different languages. His mentor was my colleague, a very inspiring and entertaining teacher from Venezuela, who supplied their fantasies with stories of world travel, especially France, and mysterious places. Her enthusiasm was contagious!

Darius was born in a town close to the Mississippi Delta, a poor region left behind by its own making but rich in culture and music; it is “dotted by antebellum homes and destitute black communities,” as Darius wrote. He described the poverty as self-inflicted by people who “live hopelessly chasing the Pie in the Sky that democrat candidates always promise them and never deliver.”

But his ancestors lived over the past two hundred years in the “Red Clay Hills” area where “Appalachia begins, more ethnically mixed,” where great cotton plantations give way to more forested and hilly regions where small farmers grow crops like corn.

Darius pursued International Studies (Social and Cultural Identity) at Ole Miss and, after graduation in 2010, decided to make good on the promise to see the places that he had spent years reading about in his history books. Europe to him was not just France, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, or Germany; it was Eastern Europe as well with its long history dating back to the Roman Empire. He wanted to see where the “backwoods gravel roads led to and what was on the other side of the hill,” so he chose Romania to study at Babes-Bolyai in Cluj, the Faculty of European Studies.

It did not take long for Darius to fall in love with Romania - discovering her beauty was curiosity, enchantment, and serendipity. On his semester abroad in France in 2009, he decided to visit Moldova but had to spend one day in Bucharest because his connecting flight to Chisinau was canceled. A year later he found himself in Bucharest and, instead of hopping on a flight to Cluj, he decided to take the long route by train, the trip of a lifetime.

“The grey, rather depressing communist architecture around Bucharest’s Gara de Nord [northern railway station], the farms of the Wallachian Plain, the smell of petroleum and heavy industry in Ploiesti, seeing the Carpathian Mountains for the first time and instantly falling in love; passing Brasov and getting my first glimpse of Transylvania was a special moment – seeing little villages that would do any postcard justice, shepherds in cojocs standing on the hills watching over their flock, and familiarizing myself with the new names whenever the train would stop: Sighisoara, Medias, and Campia Turzii.”

Arriving in Cluj by taxi, passing by the old synagogue, the Roman Catholic cathedral, Darius marveled at the Hapsburg architecture, so different from the Wallachian architecture, Darius knew he was in for a fascinating adventure.

Learning Romanian seemed easy to Darius after having spent seven years studying French and two years Russian, but remained a “source of grief.” While the French congratulated him when he spoke French to them, even though he made mistakes, punctilious Romanians made sure to correct him or switched to English every time he made errors. Darius understood first hand that education socialist style was not the feel good, let-me-give-you-a-trophy-for-trying American style education, but it was based strictly on merit and achievement, impatient, you can either do it or you don’t, and much too harsh for westerners.

He met Romanians who lectured him on how Romanian is a Latin language and he should not make certain mistakes. There was so much pride in their language that a Westerner could easily mistake good intentions of perfection for arrogance.

But Romanians are friendly, warm, and kind, ready to offer comfort to someone in need, and very forgiving.  Darius discovered that “Romanians truly appreciated the small things in life because they were not spoiled by them. They might go about their business with frowns on their faces but they will go to the moon and back for you once you become a part of their circle of loved ones.”

Small things in life were lived and appreciated more, Darius discovered.  After four to five months of cold winter, when most fruits were hard to find, it was a special treat to find new potatoes in spring, cartofi noi, or late summer plums, prune.  

When the snow has barely melted on the ground, it is heart-warming to celebrate “Martisor” on March 1, pinning a symbol of spring tied with a red and white string on a favorite girl’s lapel.

He quickly discovered that Romania is a “bureaucratic paradise” and cultural rules of etiquette are quite different. While filling out paperwork for residence permit, for school, and other documents, carrying bags and books, Darius used his foot to shut the door to the health clinic. That simple act of necessity in America earned him a rebuke from the doctor who yelled at him that he disrespected her by closing the door improperly.

Upon finishing his M.A. in July 2012, Darius was offered a job as Chief Editor for the English and French pages of “Clujul Vazut Altfel,” an NGO that promotes the cultural, historic, and touristic attractions in the region as well as the ethnographic value of Cluj County and Transylvania. The salary is nothing compared to what he could make in the United States, but his work brings him a sense of contentment not unlike the Romanian joie de vivre.

“Clujul Vazut Altfel” organizes excursions to villages and cultural sights in the surrounding areas, a wonderful educational experience worth far more than many boring days in the classroom. www.en.cluj.com

Romania is a gem of history, its cultural, historical, and natural wonders are truly breathtaking. “Almost every village has its own treasures – from Roman castra found in the middle of a cow pasture and fortresses that once defended medieval Moldova from the Turks, to waterfalls with stories that have long ago passed into legend. Six years have not been long enough to discover them all - I do not think that a lifetime would suffice.”

NOTE

Darius Roby’s travel blogs can be found at the following links:


 

 

 

 

Tuesday, March 25, 2014

Man's Inhumanity to Man: Cannibalism in China

Holomodor
Source: Unknown
I remember the story of the Uruguayan air force flight 571 that crashed in the Andes in 1972 with 45 people on board and the 16 survivors who cannibalized the snow-preserved dead in order to survive. Humanity recoiled in horror.

During the 1932-1933 Russian engineered famine called Holomodor (extermination by hunger) in Ukraine, millions of Ukrainians died of starvation while some relatives, friends, and neighbors engaged in cannibalism to survive.  Survivor Olena Goncharuk felt the terror: “We were afraid to go out in the village, because people were starving and they hunted children. My neighbor had a daughter, who disappeared. We went to her house. The head was separated from the body, and the body was cooking in the oven.”
http://www.euronews.com/2013/11/22/ukraine-s-enduring-holodomor-horror-when-millions-starved-in-the-1930s/

I wrote about the inhumanity of desperate and callous human beings in the quest for survival – it is glaring and devastating evidence why communists should never be allowed to take power again. Hundreds of thousands of Moldovans died at the hands of their Soviet Socialist tormentors who confiscated their crops by force and shipped the food to the USSR. Wheat and corn was left to rot and mold in uncovered wagons at train stations; it was done to leave farmers as poor and desperate as possible in order to better manipulate and control them.  It was a Soviet state secret - nobody was allowed to write or speak about the horrors that took place in Chisinau, Orhei, Balti, Cahul, and other villages, how collectivization agents took the last drop of food and grain from the farmer’s barns, and how the children of Moldova were kidnapped, brought into homes, murdered, cooked, and eaten.
http://canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/58869

The infamous Donner Party (1846-1847) composed of 87 emigrants from Illinois was trapped en route to Sutter’s Fort (Sacramento of today) in the Sierra Nevada Mountains by heavy snow with little food, shelter, or possibility of rescue since the Mexican War was fought at the time. A year later, 46 people were finally rescued, having survived by cannibalizing the deceased. Two-thirds of the men died but two-thirds of the women and children lived. Most of the members of the Donner family did not survive. http://www.infoplease.com/spot/donner1.html

Unspeakable horror, abuses, suffering, and mass murder experienced by humans at the hand of other humans pale in comparison with the Nazi genocide, Stalin’s genocide, Pol Pot’s Khmer Rouge, and Mao’s genocide. Unfortunately, the party responsible for millions of deaths in China is still in power, having celebrated in December 2013 120 years since the birth of Mao Zedong, the man responsible for the death of millions, “arbitrary imprisonment, beatings, torture, rape, sustained harassment, seizure of property, deprivation of food and medical attention, and many other [indescribable] abuses” such as cannibalism.

According to Laogai Foundation’s Report, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution define Mao’s legacy of terror.

“Between 1958-1962, tens of millions of people starved to death as a result of the Great Leap Forward, an attempt by Mao to overtake Britain as an economic world power in less than 15 years. During the GLF, private farming was entirely prohibited and households all over China were forced into state-operated communes. Anyone who dared challenge the practice or store their own food was violently persecuted, with many beaten to death. The impact was catastrophic. An estimated 30 to 45 million died as a direct result of this man-made disaster. Almost all of them were peasants.” The party members who had access to the confiscated food were spared. The food shortage was so severe that people ate tree bark, mud, wild vegetables, grass, frogs, snakes, animal droppings, and each other. (Cannibalism in China, Laogai Research Foundation, October 2013)

According to the Laogai Research Foundation, witnesses who managed to flee labor camps in China were forced to return for lack of food. Inmates learned to catch frogs and snakes and cook them in the chamber pots. In Anhui province there were 1,289 documented cases of cannibalism from 1959-1961. (Shusheng Yin, “The Original Record of Special Cases in Anhui Province,” Yanhuang Chunqiu 10(2009): 62-63)

Wang Guanqun, head of the PSB of Yingshang County gave detailed account of 49 cannibalism cases. (Guanqun Wang, “The Special Cases I know in Yingshang County, Yanhuang Chunqiu 8(2013): 22-23.

Gansu Province General Office of the Communist Party Committee recorded 45 cases of cannibalism in Linxia, a city south of the capital city Lanzhou such as digging out corpses and boiling them, eating children after death, killing brother and eating him, chasing strangers in the street with scythe, and carving out bottoms and calves of the deceased.

Faced with massive cases of cannibalism, the Shandong Provincial Party Committee wrote a self-critical report that mentioned widespread starvation and cannibalism, admitting to 70 cases in Shandong Province between 1958-1960. In Laiyang County (1961) two men were found guilty of disinterring the recently buried, boiling the flesh, and selling it as beef for 5 Yuan per pound. They admitted to getting 15 pounds of flesh per corpse and that there were many on the black market doing the same thing.

Sichuan Province experienced most dead, 12 million people. In Xingjing County, 53 percent of the population died of starvation. Many witnesses testified about case after case of cannibalism. One individual, Yang Guoli was executed by firing squad for having killed children by luring them with buns and then boiling them for food.

Writer Zheng Yi detailed cases of cannibalism in Guangxi province in his book, Scarlet Memorial (1993). During the Cultural Revolution, “in some high schools, students killed their principals and then cooked and ate the bodies to celebrate a triumph over ‘counter-revolutionaries.’”

Zheng found a document, “Significant Events During the Cultural Revolution in Wuxuan County” which details that 75 people were killed and then their hearts and livers were extracted and eaten.  The cannibals received minor punishments such as expulsion from the party (91 members), suspension (39 non-party members) from administrative positions, demotion, or salary reduction. Nobody was criminally prosecuted.

The Laogai Research Foundation concluded in its 81 page report drawn from official records and published in October 2013, “Cannibalism in Communist China,” that the gruesome, widespread, and unspeakable acts of cannibalism during the Cultural Revolution were “motivated not by hunger nor by psychopathic illness but by an eagerness to prove one’s loyalty to the Party and Mao.”

The report explains why the Chinese Communist Party continues to “conceal historical records, distort facts, and suppress the spread of relevant information.” Allowing this information to go public would “impugn Mao Zedong’s legacy and threaten the very legitimacy and stability of the current regime.” The communist party calls the famine caused by government policy and left-wing ideology “the three years of natural disasters,” misrepresenting cannibalism as “cases of political deconstruction” and “special cases.”

The two manufactured disasters, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, destroyed basic moral principles of humanity in Chinese society, causing many cannibalism cases within families – “fathers ate sons, brothers ate sisters, and husbands ate wives.” They believe that more cases will come to light and more documents will be discovered when the Communist Party will “fail.”

Man’s inhumanity to man is hard to fathom, especially when it is driven by blind ideological hatred in service to tyranny.